LOAN PROGRAMS, IN PLAIN LANGUAGE

Understand the options.
Then ask good questions.

This guide explains broad program categories. A program name or document type cannot establish eligibility. Elaine will confirm applicable licensing and lender availability for your scenario.

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Traditional income documentation

Conventional

A mortgage that is not insured or guaranteed by a federal housing agency. It can be considered for a primary home, second home or investment property, depending on the program.

Documentation and what needs review

Documentation: Employees may use pay stubs and W-2s. Self-employed borrowers may use tax returns and business documentation. Asset, credit and property information is also reviewed.

Review: Income stability, debts, available funds, property type and lender requirements determine eligibility. Self-employment does not automatically require a Non-QM loan.

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Government-insured home financing

FHA

An FHA-insured mortgage may be an option for an eligible primary residence. It is available through approved lenders and is not limited to first-time homebuyers.

Documentation and what needs review

Documentation: Income and employment documentation, available funds, credit history and property information are reviewed. FHA loans generally include mortgage insurance.

Review: The borrower, occupancy and property must meet applicable requirements. FHA insurance is not a promise that a lender will approve an application.

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Eligible military borrowers

VA

A VA-backed purchase or refinance loan may be available to eligible veterans, service members and certain surviving spouses.

Documentation and what needs review

Documentation: Eligibility is typically supported by a Certificate of Eligibility, along with applicable income, credit and property documentation.

Review: VA eligibility and lender approval are separate. Occupancy, benefit eligibility and the particular loan purpose need review.

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Eligible locations and households

USDA

USDA home financing may be considered for an eligible primary residence in a qualifying location. Both household and property eligibility matter.

Documentation and what needs review

Documentation: Household income, employment, credit, available funds and property information are reviewed under the applicable USDA program.

Review: A rural or suburban address is not enough by itself. The property location and household eligibility must be checked.

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Self-employed and business-owner scenarios

Bank statement

Certain lenders offer alternative income documentation programs that review personal or business bank statements to assess qualifying income.

Documentation and what needs review

Documentation: Statements are analyzed under the lender’s rules. Deposits, business expenses, account ownership and the history of the business may all need review.

Review: Account deposits are not automatically qualifying income. Documentation periods, reserve requirements and program terms vary by lender. This is often a Non-QM scenario; conventional financing may still be worth comparing.

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Investment rental properties

DSCR

Debt Service Coverage Ratio financing focuses on a rental property’s income relative to its housing expenses under a lender’s calculation. It is generally intended for investment scenarios.

Documentation and what needs review

Documentation: Property income evidence, such as a lease or market-rent assessment, is reviewed with property expenses, available funds and other lender-required documentation.

Review: It is not a primary-residence loan. Property eligibility, rental-income calculation, financing terms and applicable licensing must be reviewed. It is not a no-document or guaranteed-approval loan.

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Alternative documentation or loan structures

Non-QM

Non-Qualified Mortgage is a broad category, not one specific product. Some programs accommodate income documentation or borrower scenarios outside standard Qualified Mortgage criteria.

Documentation and what needs review

Documentation: Depending on the program, documentation may include bank statements, business financials or assets. The lender still requires evidence appropriate to the loan.

Review: Non-QM does not mean no underwriting or unlimited nationwide availability. Costs, requirements, protections and program availability need individual review.

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Tax identification and residency questions

ITIN & foreign-national scenarios

Some lenders consider scenarios involving an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number or borrowers who are foreign nationals. These are different circumstances and should be reviewed separately.

Documentation and what needs review

Documentation: The lender may review identification, tax identification, residency, income, assets and the intended property use according to the specific program.

Review: An ITIN does not by itself establish residency, lending eligibility or approval. Tell Elaine the general scenario; do not enter identification numbers here.

Read the full program guide

Discuss this with Elaine

Read more from a program or industry source

Last reviewed October 1, 2026. Programs and guidelines change. This is educational information, not personalized financial advice, an application, a quote or a commitment to lend. ESLoans and Heart Mortgage are not government agencies and are not endorsed by FHA, VA or USDA.